Serial Killings and Mass Murders free essay sample

What are the similarities and differences between serial killers and mass murderers? Why does each of these groups present such a potential danger to society? Serial killers are intelligent people but frustrated and angry with something in their life. They would take their anger out by killing people who have similarities with the person they are frustrated with. Mass murderers on the other hand kills group of people at the same time and most of the time at the same place.Mass murderers motive usually is just to kill so they find location and carry on with their plan. Serial killers and mass murderers have no personal enmity with people they care killing, they are complete strangers, and they become victims to these people because they were told or they are frustrated. These groups are dangerous because they target many innocent people. These victims have nothing to do with these groups but they die for some elses anger. We will write a custom essay sample on Serial Killings and Mass Murders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mass murders basic mission to kill, they would not care if there are small children in that group.Mass murders are easy to manipulate, as they are angry and are finding ways to let this anger go some way, so at hat time if they hear anyone saying they wish to kill someone, these murders would not even care and go ahead and kill. They wont only kill that person but will kill all those also are with that person. 2. How would a sociologist define deviance? How does the sociological definition of deviance differ from commonly help assumptions? According to sociologist deviance can be a positive or a negative behavior. Negative deviant behavior can be murders, rape, and many more whereas there are some behaviors that are not totally Viviane like speeding ticket, it is not big crime but this behavior is deviant behavior. According to commonly known deviant behavior or deviance means negative or wrong behavior, it means crime. A child not doing their homework or listening to their parents are considered as deviant behavior as well. Society has taken the meaning of deviance in general a small wrong or big crimes both of them are considered deviance.

An Overview of the Process of Balkanization

An Overview of the Process of Balkanization Balkanization is a term used to describe the division or fragmentation of a state or region into smaller, often ethnically similar places. The term can also refer to the disintegration or break-up of other things such as companies, Internet websites or even neighborhoods. For the purposes of this article and from a geographic perspective, balkanization will describe the fragmentation of states and/or regions. In some areas that have experienced balkanization the term describes the collapse of multiethnic states into places that are now ethnically similar dictatorships and have undergone many serious political and social issues such as ethnic cleansing and civil war. As a result, balkanization, especially with regard to states and regions, is typically not a positive term as there is often much political, social and cultural strife that takes place when balkanization occurs. Development of the Term Balkanization Balkanization originally referred to Europe’s Balkan Peninsula and its historic break-up after control by the Ottoman Empire. The term balkanization itself was coined at the end of World War I following this break-up as well as that of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire. Since the early 1900s, Europe, as well as other places around the world, have seen both successful and unsuccessful attempts at balkanization and there are still some efforts and discussions of balkanization in some countries today. Attempts at Balkanization In the 1950s and 1960s, balkanization began occurring outside of the Balkans and Europe when several British and French colonial empires began fragmenting and breaking up in Africa. Balkanization was at its height in the early 1990s however when the Soviet Union collapsed and the former Yugoslavia disintegrated. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the countries of Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were created. In the creation of some of these countries, there was often extreme violence and hostility. For example, Armenia and Azerbaijan experience periodic war over their borders and ethnic enclaves. In addition to violence in some, all of these newly created countries have experienced difficult periods of transition in their governments, economies, and societies. Yugoslavia was created out of a combination of over 20 different ethnic groups at the end of World War I. As a result of differences between these groups, there were friction and violence in the country. Following World War II, Yugoslavia began to gain more stability but by 1980 the different factions within the country began fighting for more independence. In the early 1990s, Yugoslavia finally disintegrated after around 250,000 people were killed by war. The countries eventually created out of the former Yugoslavia were Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kosovo did not declare its independence until 2008 and it is still not recognized as fully independent by the entire world. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia are some of the most successful but also the most violent attempts at balkanization that have taken place. There have also been attempts to balkanize in Kashmir, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Kurdistan, and Iraq. In each of these areas, there are cultural and/or ethnic differences that have caused different factions to want to break away from the main country. In Kashmir, Muslims in Jammu and Kashmir are trying to break away from India, while in Sri Lanka the Tamil Tigers (a separatist organization for the Tamil people) want to break away from that country. People in the southeastern part of Nigeria declared themselves to be the state of Biafra and in Iraq, Sunni and Shiite Muslims fight to break away from Iraq. In addition, Kurdish people in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran have fought to create the State of Kurdistan. Kurdistan is currently not an independent state but it is rather a region with a mostly Kurdish population. Balkanization of America and Europe In recent years there has been talk of the balkanized states of America and of balkanization in Europe. In these cases, the term is not used to describe the violent fragmentation that occurred in places like the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. In these instances, it describes potential divisions based political, economic and social differences. Some political commentators in the United States, for example, claim that balkanized or fragmented because it is special interests with elections in specific areas than with governing the entire country (West, 2012). Because of these differences, there have also been some discussions and separatist movements at the national and local levels. In Europe, there are very large countries with different ideals and opinions and as a result, it has faced balkanization. For example, there have been separatist movements on the Iberian Peninsula and in Spain, particularly in the Basque and Catalan regions (McLean, 2005). Whether in the Balkans or in other parts of the world, violent or not violent, it is clear that balkanization is an important concept that has and will continue to shape the geography of the world.

Economic Development amid the Non (or Semi) Democratic political Term Paper

Economic Development amid the Non (or Semi) Democratic political institutions in Southeast Asia - Term Paper Example There are reports claiming that during the 2008 referendum which concurred with the cyclone Nargis, victims of the cyclone in the cyclone-affected areas were forced to vote ‘yes’ for the national referendum. The Union of Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) which is a non-military/civilian wing of the dictatorship threatened to cut relief supplies or inflict violence to anyone who voted against the proposed constitution. The new constitution was thus supported and enacted with 92.48% of the voters endorsing it. This indicates that despite the presence of opposition, total democracy was far from reach in Burma because these democrats were not likely to win the elections and referendums. These activities were oppressed and controlled by the nondemocratic military regime. Apart from inhuman treatment of the people, there was also a violation of the right of freedom of speech by the military regime. Burma citizens had little power to critic and correct the militaris ed nondemocratic political regime. Zarnagar, a comedian and a dissident was arrested for criticising the ruling generals in public for their sluggish and inadequate response to the cyclone Nargis. He was charged with offences of public order and his computer and many banned films were seized by secret police. When human conditions worsened because of the unmerited fuel price increase in 2007 in Burma, Charles Petrie, the United Nations Burma country chief, issued a statement on UN Day concerning the worsening humanitarian crisis in Burma. Because of this, he was expelled. Generally, the militarised nondemocratic government reinforced its rule by making use of pervasive security apparatus with Directorate of Defense Services Intelligence (DDSI), the military intelligence organization... The intention of this study is Burma as an example of how the economy of a nation can suffer because of poor leadership styles. For about half a century, the country has been under a militarized nondemocratic government which has grown to become more and more oppressive over time. the country has witnessed one of the worst violations of human rights because of a bad political regime. In efforts to maintain thumb of rule in the country the regime formulated poor and unattractive economic policies which have discouraged both local and foreign investment in the country. The land policies have acted as disincentives for the people to undertake land development and this has retarded the competitiveness of the nation’s agriculture. There are many and powerful global examples of highly developed nations that are ruled by democratic civilian governments. The US, UK, Canada, South Africa are just but a mention. This means that there are hopes that the end of the nondemocratic militari zed regime will bring Burma back on the road to development. Economic development is an important prerequisite for greater stability, prosperity, equality, stability, and better livelihoods. With the recent advent of the new Burma’s civilian, democratic government, it is of due significance that the international community should help direct the new Burma’s government into achieving economic developments that are sustainable. This will be very instrumental in ensuring that the repressed people of Burma receive the right food, education, health, security and happiness they deserve.

Companies must develop effective Crisis Communication techniques to Essay - 1

Companies must develop effective Crisis Communication techniques to respond to problems or dangers - Essay Example It is preferable for the organizations to prepare themselves for facing the crises situation, by arranging for various effective crisis communication or techniques. The study would be reflecting the significance of crises communication techniques in terms of handling crises situations within the organizations. Crises Communication: Concept and significance In order to prevent them from facing any crises situation, every organization plans for effective crises communication techniques. Crises communication is mainly the sub specialty of the strategy associated with the public relation activity, which is planned, designed and implemented for protecting any organization from facing any sort of challenge harmful for its reputation (Greenberg and Elliott, 2009). Such a challenge might include any sort of immoral allegation, media inquiry, inquiry from any government agency etc. As already stated above almost every organization is vulnerable to face crises situation once in its overall ope rational life time. It becomes very important for the organizations to prepare them for these crises situation. If they fail to plan for effective crises communication strategies within time then it would result in incurring more damage for them. The crises management plans should be efficient enough to address to the communication issues linked with the crises or disastrous situation. If the companies do not prepare themselves for the crises situation, then it would result in a number of negative outcomes for them, such as: The operational response will get disturbed. The stakeholders will become totally confused, annoyed and react in a negative manner. The solution to such crises situation either will not be reached by the companies or will take long time to get resolved. It is often the joint effort of a large number of online platforms along with the common people who victimize the organizations and guarantees to the fact that they face crises situation by spreading harmful mess ages, which negatively impacts their reputation. These messages are often termed as ‘rumours’. The art of dragging an organization into worst situation is such that if somehow the messages that are spread are found as true, then the victimized companies would be dragged to distrustful corner without giving them a single chance of collecting relevant evidences to prove themselves innocent. In case of an urgent situation, the organizations should communicate with the customers, stakeholders and media instead of avoiding such a circumstance. Avoidance to the crises situation results in increasing distrust of the customers, employees and other stakeholders. Thus, the organizations should be ready with communication plans for handling such situations by communicating with the internal and external stakeholders in an accurate and prompt manner. They should be reached in such manner that they appear to be the priority for the organizations holding high value. In case of any cr isis situation, the first impact on the customers, employees as well as other stakeholders is that they start clarifying how it would affect them and their position in the market. The crises communication strategies of the organizations must have the ability to satisfy them with proper replies to all their demanding queries. It is the effectiveness of the crises communication techniques, which determine whether the organizations’ reputation would be impacted negatively or not. An appropriate communication str

Medical Marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Medical Marijuana - Research Paper Example It was marred with political motives and manipulations. Not all facts were presented. The long-proven therapeutic use of marijuana was not made known to the public. Rather, it was consciously and systematically put aside by emphasizing and worse exaggerating the harmful effects of marijuana. In short, marijuana was demonized driven by political and economic reasons. Since then, the criminalization of drug abuse has become not only legally but also morally right and the war on drugs has become not only a civic but also a moral duty. As a consequence, small drug offenders filled correctional facilities, causing not only human rights abuses in and outside corrections but also causing the Federal State coffer to bleed unnecessarily; urban violence between drug users/pushers and law enforcers heightened, entailing greater police visibility, capability, and sophistication which means bigger budget allocation for efficient law enforcement; and drug operations went underground, not only making law enforcement more difficult but also denying the government millions of potential taxes while enriching drug cartels and crooked law enforcers and legislators. Other than this, the criminalization of marijuana has also deprived patients of a potent alternative medicine that could be less expensive than those being produced by profit-oriented pharmaceutical com panies. Within this context, this paper argues for the legalization of medical marijuana because it is more economically beneficial than it is socially costly. Marijuana is a Spanish-American term originally used to refer specifically to tobacco, but was used later in South and North America to refer generally to cannabis (Iversen 26). This reference change must have been due to the fact that marijuana comes from the Cannabis or hemp plant, named scientifically as Cannabis sativa in 1735 by the well-known Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, making it an officially classified species (5). Marijuana was

Evaluate the concept of normal and abnormal behaviour

Evaluate the concept of normal and abnormal behaviour To most people abnormality is described as being different from other people in other words it is seen as different from what is recognised as normal or unusual in society. Psychologists have described several approaches for standard behaviour but an evaluation of three different categories and their concept is going to be discussed. Different societies have their own set standards of behaviour and attitudes so anything that would fall outside the set criteria would be considered to be abnormal, psychologically referred to as deviation from social norms. Another theory of abnormality can be explained by referring to people who deviate from statistical norms. This definition groups people together, based on certain measured characteristics, and put this information into a distribution pattern to classify whether people fit into the average, or whether they fall outside the average, for example, if intelligence quotient is measured, the results would show that on average most people would fall around the middle, so those with either low or high scores statistically would be considered to be abnormal, though the assumption of intelligence can be portrayed in tow ways, for example if a person has a high IQ , they are regarded positively and do not fall in the abnormal criteria, whereas if others fall under the low score there are viewed negatively and therefore considered to be abnormal. Physical examples can also be taken into account, especially in terms of height or foot size. In other words manufacturers would produce products accord ing to the statistical numbers that fall into the normal criteria. Psychologists do have an overall assumption of how mental health, gender and culture issues are referred to statistically. Though they are several factors of mental health problems, there some such as anxiety or depression which are statistically considered to be normal human conditions whereas, if one is clinically disorganised with severe anxiety, or found to be clinically depressed can be described as someone with a mental disorder which is abnormal in a statistical sense. In terms of gender, some psychologists have argued that males are less likely to consult their doctors when suffering from mental disorders, which makes the females score highly in statistical data. Bennett (1995) believed that this would be due to matters of socialisation especially in industrialised societies. In regards to culture Cohen (1988) gave a description of how Indian mental patients are highly discriminated, so this would leave many patients without seeking any clinically help for their mental disord ers so this would lead to wrong statistical measures. Another definition would refer to those people whose behaviour is maladaptive or dangerous. This looks at the effects of the behaviour problems either to the wellbeing of an individual or any social group. We have to remember that defining abnormality is usually limited by cultural differences. This means that what may be classed as normal in one culture could be defined as extremely abnormal in another and this limits the definitions accuracy in being able to define abnormality as a whole so the three definitions above do not consider cultural differences. The concept of abnormal can be brought to a conclusion by evaluating the above approaches as they all help society identify abnormalities in other individuals which helps promote an overall safe living environment. For example, if an individual deviates from social norms, adequate help may be given to them as soon as their behaviour is detected from what is considered to be normal but on the other hand defining abnormality as deviation from social norms, can be used to justify the removal of those people who are considered to be abnormal from society. Statistically, it has been found out that though statistical frequency or infrequency is important to the population it is not effective when applied to mental disorders, so this makes it difficult to determine what is normal in the statistical sense. ANALYSE THE DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED IN DIAGNOSING MENTAL ILLNESS AND DISCUSS THEIR USEFULLNESS. A neurological examination, which helps physicians identify structural and psychiatric abnormality is usually carried out on patients with psychiatric disorders, and later gives an understanding of the wellbeing of the persons brain, mental function, nerves and muscles. Psychologists have developed two classification systems that help classify abnormality into mental disorders and also diagnose them clinically. They are known as Diagnostic statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) and the International Classification of The Causes of disease and Health Related Problems (ICD). Both these systems classify abnormal patterns of thinking, behaviour and emotion into mental illnesses. A significant feature of the DSM classification is the 5-axis diagnostic system, which gives a systematic evaluation of the patient and then gives a full account on the general medical condition of the patient or personality disorders, psychosocial and environment problems, as well as the level of functioning of the individual. The ICD on the on the other hand includes diagnoses for all the systems in the human body and is not popularly used in clinics as the DSM. Both classifications have the same e definition of mental disorders, so they both have their focus on the patients personal distress other than on what the rest of society react to any type of behaviour of the individual. The above classifications tend to be objective, but in society fear arises to the fact that those individuals who are classified and their families may be prejudiced against. The approach of classifications has been approved for its successfulness to the treatment of physical illnesses but not is found not to be very effective in treating mental disorders and this is because symptoms from those suffering with mental illnesses are usually subjective, meaning it is always what they feel and this may be diverse between individuals. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists have very limited information to assess the well being of an individual compared to those who treat physical illnesses, for they carry out extra laboratory examinations like x-rays and blood tests to find the symptoms and then diagnose the individual. This shows that cause of a disease in mental patients is partially known whereas in those patients with physical disorders causes are fully known. David Rosenhan (1973) carried out a study on eight people who were normal but complained of hearing voices, they were diagnosed with schizophrenia, so he argued that psychiatrists could only rely on their observation methods because they could not verify the patients symptoms. Therefore he drew a conclusion that psychiatric classification could be very inaccurate. Scheff (1966) also criticised the classification method in his labelling of theory. He argued that a psychiatric label to a patient may worsen their condition, because they might be treated as though they are mentally ill. On the other hand, psychologists have found it advantageous, and insist that DSM classification has helped in terms of developing and understanding the causes of mental illnesses in different patients. According to Gelder et el. (1996), The use of classification can certainly be combined with consideration of a patients unique qualities, indeed it is important to combine the two.{Pg 648 Eysenck M, (2000) Psychology A Students Handbook, Psychology Press}. According to ICD classification, 11 major categories can be identified for mental disorders. But they are found to be more general than those of DSM. Therefore, it has some extent of reliability, but very limited information on its validity. EVALUATE THE USEFULNESS OF DIFFERENT MODELS OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR The models of abnormality are theories that help to describe the cause of psychological disorders. There four models known as Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioural and Cognitive approaches, and each model has a distinct view which helps to provide extra research and treatment approaches as a result. However, psychologists have split views in terms of analysing the disorders; some believe that disorders must originate from psychological causes whilst others believe that the disorders could be based on biological causes. A brief description and an evaluation is going to be looked at for both, Biomedical and Psychodynamic models and an outline of their usefulness will also be accounted for. Biological psychologists would explain that mental disorders are the consequences of biological systems due to the fact that, they regard abnormal behaviour in terms of abnormal biology. In fact the biological model is also known as the medical model because it categorises abnormality as a physical condition and it is the model that addresses mental disorder as an illness. Since it is see seen from the perspective of medicine, its concept for mental disorders, resemble that of physical illnesses, which means psychological disorders have under lying biological or biochemical causes. These are thought to arise from Infection by germs, inherited systemic defect, neurochemical factors and effects of trauma. The Psychodynamic model, was developed by Freud, though some of other psychologists changed some of its emphasis, most of the original assumption for this model is still actively used. Freud believed that humans are born with the id part of our personality and later on in life when people socialise into the moral standards of their culture then our super ego is developed. Freud explained that a well adjusted person develops a strong ego and therefore able to manage their personality. Although the biological approach is known to have fairly witnessed astonishing success in treating mental disorders with drug cures, it has also been criticised for having its main focus on the symptoms and therefore whenever drugs are stopped, the symptoms return which means the root of the problem is not being addressed. This approach tends to use classification systems such as DSM and ICD which have been doubted for their consistency and validity. Its scientific standing and links with medicine, the medical model is known to have gained popularity and credibility, but on the other hand danger of over diagnosis of mental illness and long dependency on drugs, which risks severe side effects, has also been addressed. The Psychodynamic model on the other hand has also been criticised for its validity, the fact that it carries out clinical interview and case studies for its experiments, it does not subject to scientific, empirical analysis. This means the central forces of the brain are unconscious, therefore making it difficult to directly be observed. Its theory is referred to as deterministic because it finds childhood attachments to parents, in the very early stages is crucial for personality development. Apart from the above criticism, the model is identified as the origin of modern day cures. . DESCRIBE AND EVALUATE THE MAIN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESS. The biological model treats mental disorders as physical illnesses. Somatic drugs such as minor and major tranquillizers or antidepressants are widely used. Chemotherapy is also regarded as effective and the main treatment of mental illnesses because of the assumption that chemical balance is the main cause of the problem. However, some psychologists have disagreed, and assume that the chemical imbalance to be the effect, rather than the cause of mental problems. For the Psychodynamic model, Freud developed a method of treatment called psychoanalysis, which is a type of therapy that seeks to uncover the underlying causes of abnormal behaviour. The belief was that unresolved emotional conflicts from early childhood could be withdrawn, so by talking to bring out and work through unconscious conflicts would bring it out to the conscious level and therefore be dealt with accordingly. It is also believed within the psychodynamic theory, that the unconscious can be revealed in dreams, so analysis of dreams is one of the techniques used in the treatment of mental disorders in psychodynamic theory. DESCRIBE AND EVALUATE PRACTICAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THERAPIES AND TREATMENTS

Odysseus in The Odyssey Essay -- Papers Odyssey Homer Essays

Odysseus in The Odyssey Odysseus is the main character in an epic poem called the Odyssey. In the poem Odysseus has had some bad luck getting home, with some of the gods helping him and some hindering him; his journey towards home is a constant struggle. In this poem we see a man being broke and rebuilt, through constant irony his faith was damaged and without the help of Athena he probably would have given up on his journey. Through his hard work and wise spirit he finally does achieve his goal. Odysseus must journey from Troy to his homeland of Ithaca. Throughout this journey Odysseus experiences a lot of inconsistent emotions. A lot of this is attributed to the physical and mental hell he goes through on this remarkable journey. With the help of the Gods he finally does return to Ithaca. Odysseus arrives on the shore of Phaecia, in Book VI of the Odyssey. His most helpful and favorable goddess has sent Nausicaa a dream compelling her to wash clothes in preparation for an upcoming marriage. Athena makes Nausicaa brave and Odysseus handsome bringing them together in order to assist Odysseus to the house of the king. Athena said ? How so remiss, and yet thy mothers daughter? Leaving thy clothes uncared for, Nausikaa, when thou must have store a marriage linen, and put thy minstresly in wedding dress? (Book 6). In this book is an example of the gods assisting Odysseus, which compels me to question how great Odysseus really was? A god can make even a coward a hero (not saying Odysseus was a coward). Almost everything is done to help Odysseus and so he is fortunate to have the support of the gods especially in this book. ?But Athena poured a sea of fog around him as he went her loves expedient, that no jeer... ...he gods commands and travels inward till no man has seen the ocean. Carrying his large oar across his back and placing it in the dirt where a man asks him if the oar is a widowing fan. Odysseus is very wise. It would have been easy to have stayed at home and rested, but he knew what happened to people who did not obey the gods. In Conclusion, I have laid out some evidence showing Odysseus?s strength?s, Bravery, and faith. Also I have given examples of his dependency of the gods. I don?t believe anyone would argue that Odysseus was not a great man. Although I argue that he was still only a man. Between all of his hardships and troubles I will grant that he never lost faith and never chose a fate other than home. Works Cited Homer. ?The Odyssey,? World Masterpieces: Expanded Edition. Maynard Mack ed. Ed. Coptic St.: Prentice, 1995. 219-503.